Les Bases

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Les 5 emplois de would

- habitual would : In my childhood, I would go fisching with my father.
- hypothetical would : If I were rich, I would buy a car.
- volitional would : I don't know, she wouldn't say.
- tentative would : Would you pass me the sauce, please ?
- characterizing would : Oh, you would catch a cold on your wedding-day !
Note : used to est différent de would ; avec used to on met l'accent sur le fait que c'est révolu alors qu'avec would on met l'accent sur la nostalgie.

Les emplois de wish

Le pluperfect exprime un irréel du passé : I wish you had told me.
Le preterit exprime un irréel du present : I wish I were an African.
Would exprime un potentiel : I wish you would shut up.
Concordance des temps
Avec while, once, when, as soon as, dans une proposition circonstancielle de temps, introduite par ces mots, le futur est remplacé par le present, le futur antérieur par le present perfect et le conditionnel par le preterit.
Ex : I'll see you when I am in New York. She said she would see me when she was in New York. She told me he would come when he had bought a car.
Par contre il ne faut pas confondre avec les propositions interrogatives. Ex : I'm wondering when he will come.

Les quantifieurs

Les différents quantifieurs : little, a little, a few, few, fewer, less, many, much...
There is a little bread: on ne s'implique pas (il y a un peu de pain)
There is little bread : on s'implique (il y a peu de pain)
A lot of : dénombrable, indénombrable
Few settlers survived. Few est toujours denombrable.

Divers

for+ing = motif. Ex: he punished him for having loose eyes.
He might have been knocked over by a car.
2 sens: Il se peut qu'il ait été renversé ou il aurait pu se faire renversé.
2 éléents : each other. + de 2 éléments : one another.
Place de l'adverbe. Ex: He would never have been able to do that.
Indirect speech : tomorrow se remplace par the day after, the following day...
Le mépris
Adjectifs (méprisant) : contemptuous, scornufl
Adjectifs gérondifs (méprisé) : contemptible, despicable
Verbes (mépriser) : to scorn, to despise
Nom commun (mépris) : contempt, scorn
Pluriels irréguliers
a crisis : crises
a passer-by : passers-by
a goose: geese
a sheep : sheep
a phenomenon : phenomena
an ox : oxen
a leaf : leaves
a mouse: mice
a fish : fish
a thief: thieves
Singuliers et pluriels"bizarres"
People like.
Your luggage blocks the way.
The poor just survives.
The United States is a great power.
Such advice is ridiculous.
His progress amazes me.
The police are searching the burglar.
The English drink a lot of tea
Questions
Why did he do that?
How long did Debbie sleep over?
What did Susan tell her?
What was he like?
How many...
How often...
Structures à connaître
This is such an enchainting scenary. He displayed such courage. What an enchainting scenary. How enchainting this scenary is.
To make somebody do something.
I insist that you be quiet, that he come. (come est un infinitif)
It's high time you + preterit.
It's the first time + present perfect.
I would rather not go.
I'd rather you did. (preterit modal)
She must have been very disappointed.
She insisted on coming with us.
To look forward to + Ving
Your raincoat is dirty; it's time you had it cleaned.( to have something done) Autre exemple: I'll have him paint the house.
You'd better not do that.
I don't feel like going in the U.S.
I suggest that he take a taxi ou I suggest that he sould take a taxi.
We were made to change our plans.
Had I known, I wouldn't have stold that.
Ou If I had known…..
It was very kind of your father to lend us..
Help yourself to some more tea.
By the time he was fourteen, he could already speak three languages.
They ought to + infinitif
contrary to + nom
Why not +inf ex: why not visit them.=how about visiting them=what about visiting ..You are not to feed animals. He is said to be very clever.
He bought a T.V for his children to watch cartoons.
I love+Ving (le plus courant)
I can't stand your shouting.
It was years since I had seen her behave spontaneously.
Not only does he likes that but he almost …
It is all the more fantastic since she didn't expected it.
They were delighted, all the more so that they didn't expect it.
He is all the happier since….
That is the worst thing that could happen to him.
To talk him out of doing it (dissuader de..)
There was nothing to be done about it.
It is no use getting angry.
She can't have thrown that book away.
No sooner had he come than he … (à peine est il venu que..)
Hardly had they got to Ellis Island when they were struck by the power of the immigration officials.
It's time something were done about pollution. (même emploi que wish ici)
To become more and more popular.
She talked him into buying something for her.
I am not used to getting up so early.
She has been ill since last Thursday.
He's good at languages.
To be interested in something.
I regret losing my friends.
Next time I will remember to be careful.
I was given a wrong number.
The louder the sound of her footsteps, the stronger the cries.
The more he sings the more I hate him.
They took to drinking to drown their sorrow (Ils se mirent a la boisson pour noyer leur chagrin.)
To approve of . to disaprove of + Ving
My job consists in fabricating new products.
The message is aimed at the players.
I prefer tea to orange juice.
What I like best: ce que j'aime par dessus tout, ce que je prefere.
They stored food so as not , in order not, to die of starvation (famine).
She 's likely to come late. To keep doing something.
Far from being happy, she was very sad. (loin d'etre heureuse..)
Thanks to her determination, she succeeded in wining that game.
He failed to his task.
Linkwords
No matter how ill at ease he could feel, he had to say something.
In spite of my feeling embarrassed,…
No matter what my feelings were,…
Yet : pourtant
They walked on in spite of the rain ou despite the rain.
Though she was not sure : même si elle n'etait pas sure.
Provided: a condition que. Ex : I'll to that party provided you come with me.
Unless: meme fonction que provided
For fear: de peur que
whenever: a chaque fois que
Instead of V+ing
Though it was raining, they walked on. Etc..